08/17/2026
Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune connective-tissue disease in which the immune system becomes overactive and can cause inflammation and abnormal buildup of collagen, leading to thickening and hardening of the skin. It can also affect blood vessels and internal organs.
What are the main types?
There are two broad forms:
Localized scleroderma – mainly affects the skin and underlying tissues.
Systemic sclerosis (systemic scleroderma) – can involve the skin and internal organs, including the lungs, kidneys, heart, and digestive tract.
Systemic sclerosis can vary greatly from person to person. Some people have mostly skin and circulation problems, while others develop significant organ involvement.
Common symptoms
People may experience:
•Tight, thickened, or shiny skin
•Swelling or stiffness of the fingers
Raynaud's phenomenon — fingers or toes changing color or becoming numb with cold or stress
•Joint and muscle pain
•Difficulty swallowing, reflux, or bloating
•Shortness of breath or persistent cough
•Fatigue
•Sores on the fingertips
•Reduced ability to open the mouth or move affected skin normally
How can a rheumatologist help?
A rheumatologist is often the key specialist for systemic sclerosis because it is an autoimmune rheumatic disease.
They can:
1. Establish the diagnosis
Scleroderma can resemble other autoimmune conditions. A rheumatologist evaluates symptoms, physical findings, blood tests, and sometimes skin or other specialized testing.
2. Determine which organs are affected
Depending on the patient's symptoms and risk factors, they may evaluate for lung, kidney, heart, blood-vessel, and gastrointestinal involvement.
3. Monitor the disease over time
Even when someone feels relatively well, certain complications can develop gradually. Regular monitoring allows problems to be detected earlier.
4. Treat the underlying autoimmune activity
Depending on the type and severity of disease, medications may be used to control inflammation or immune-system activity and reduce the risk of progression.
5. Treat specific complications
For example, treatment may address Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ulcers, arthritis, skin involvement, reflux, or lung disease.
6. Coordinate care with other specialists
A rheumatologist may work closely with pulmonologists, cardiologists, nephrologists, gastroenterologists, dermatologists, and other specialists when organs are involved.
Call 912-548-0710 to schedule an appointment with our rheumatology team and take the first step toward answers and personalized care.