18/08/2026
Dementia isn't a single condition. It's an umbrella term for a range of symptoms caused by different diseases that affect the brain in different ways.
Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia are among the most common types of dementia. Because they each affect different parts of the brain, the symptoms can vary from person to person.
While memory problems are often associated with dementia, some people may experience changes in thinking, language, behaviour, concentration, movement or perception.
This guide highlights some symptoms linked to different types of dementia, but it’s also important to remember that no two people experience dementia in the same way.
By understanding the different signs of dementia, including those that are less well known, we can help more people recognise changes early and access a diagnosis and support sooner.
[Image description:
A graphic split into four different sections illustrates common symptoms associated with Vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies and Frontotemporal dementia. From top left to bottom right:
Central text reads, 'Alzheimer's disease.' This is surrounded by text reading, 'Difficulties with thinking and reasoning; Language problems; Memory problems; Changes to how you see and hear things; Getting lost in a familiar place; Mood changes.' Each piece of text is accompanied by a graphic illustrating the symptom.
Central text reads, 'Vascular dementia.' This is surrounded by text reading, 'Problems planning and organising; Short periods of sudden confusion; Slower speed of thought; Problems concentrating; Trouble following a series of steps; Problems with memory and language.' Each piece of text is accompanied by a graphic illustrating the symptom.
Central text reads, 'Dementia with Lewy bodies.' This is surrounded by text reading, 'Tremors; Depression and anxiety; Hallucinations; Swinging between alertness and sleepiness; Trouble concentrating; Difficulties with walking and movement.' Each piece of text is accompanied by a graphic illustrating the symptom.
Central text reads, 'Frontotemporal dementia.' This is surrounded by text reading, 'Socially inappropriate behaviour; Personality changes; Problems with language; Eating or drinking excessively; Repetitive or obsessive behaviour; Trouble planning and organising.' Each piece of text is accompanied by a graphic illustrating the symptom.]
