07/07/2026
I'm excited to share the outcomes of our randomized controlled trial, published in this special edition of Physical Therapy in Mental Health.
Before the findings, I want to share the road that got us here and acknowledge the team: Kerstin Palombaro, PT, PhD; Rose Pignataro, PT, DPT, PhD; Janet Bezner, PT, DPT, PhD; Carey Rothschild, PT, DPT. As many of you know, research is a rigorous process. This didn't happen overnight.
Here's how it unfolded.
Many years ago, I noticed I was hitting a wall with some patients.
I was doing many things right. My patients understood their pain better. Some moved better. But too many were stuck, bracing for the next flare, unwilling to take a risk to return to activity and get their life back.
📉 Education and exercise alone weren't enough. (Research supports this.)
🧩 That wall became a starting point. In October of 2023, we first published PRISM: Pain Recovery and Integrative Systems Model in PTJ: Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Journal. The framework proposed that we consider resilience alongside vulnerability in physical therapy. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzad077
💡 Then one of our profession's most respected scholars took the time to look at what we were building and encouraged me to keep going. Not just theorize it. Test it.
🔬 So we did. We operationalized PRISM as Pain Resilience Therapy (PRT). In November of 2024, we published a three-person case series in the Journal of Physiotherapy in Mental Health: https://jptmh.com/index.php/jptmh/article/view/9277/7989
The results were promising. And the same mentor pushed me... again. Go further. Gather more data. Run a trial. Compare it to the standard.
📋 That RCT is now complete: 60 adults with chronic low back pain were randomized to 8 sessions of Pain Resilience Therapy (PRT) or Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) and followed for 90 days.
📄 Four papers have come from it. This is the first.
We examined 11 psychological and mental health risk and resilience factors using the validated OSPRO-YF assessment.
📊Pain Resilience Therapy outperformed PNE on 8 of 11 outcomes, with medium-to-large effect sizes for anxiety, kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, fear avoidance, self-efficacy for rehabilitation, and pain acceptance.
📈Small changes for depression and pain self-efficacy.
💢 Anger did not change.
We also looked at the Number Needed to Treat (NNT), which tells you how many people need to receive Pain Resilience Therapy for just one person to benefit. Anything below a 10 is effective and clinically meaningful. The NNTs are solid:
✅ 2 self-efficacy for rehabilitation
✅ 3 kinesiophobia
✅ 3 pain acceptance
✅ 3 for pain catastrophizing
🔗 Here's the study: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14131940
There's a lot here. Too much to share on social media. Please consider reading it. We welcome your questions and feedback.
American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)