Medical Laboratory Science -MLS

Medical Laboratory Science -MLS Medicine today is evidence-based and the laboratory is where over 85% of this evidence is obtained.

14/04/2026

Urinalysis is the systemic examination of urine through physical, chemical and microscopic analysis to detect and assess the disorder in the renal and metabolic functions.

Gram Staining (VERY COMMON IN VIVA)Key Steps (Say this confidently in viva):Prepare smear and air dryHeat fixCrystal vio...
26/03/2026

Gram Staining (VERY COMMON IN VIVA)

Key Steps (Say this confidently in viva):
Prepare smear and air dry
Heat fix
Crystal violet (primary stain)
Iodine (mordant)
Decolorize (alcohol/acetone) ⚠️ critical step
Counterstain (safranin)
Observe under oil immersion

What Examiner Wants:
“Decolorization is the most critical step”
Gram + = purple, Gram – = pink
Based on cell wall thickness

Common Mistakes:
Over-decolorizing: Gram + appears Gram –
Thick smear = poor results

01/12/2025

What are the clinical significance of Albumin?

01/12/2025

Albumin is the major constituent of plasma protein (60%) which consist of single polypeptide chain of 585 amino acids with 17 disulphide bond.

What's the Normal conc of Albumin?

01/12/2025

Plasma protein is a blood component that contains anticoagulants and activated protein factors

What are the components of plasma protein?

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