07/07/2026
Research published in 2024.
Emerging research suggests a notable association between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), mast cell dysfunction, and broader immune dysregulation. Some clinical studies of children with mastocytosis—a rare disorder involving abnormal mast cell accumulation or activation—have reported higher rates of ASD than those seen in the general population.
In addition, food allergies and immune-related problems appear to be more common in some autistic children. Mast cells are immune cells concentrated in the gut, skin, and near the blood-brain barrier, where they release substances such as histamine and inflammatory cytokines.
Researchers are investigating whether excessive or poorly regulated mast cell activation, triggered by factors such as stress, infection, or environmental exposures, could contribute to inflammation and influence neurological symptoms in susceptible individuals. However, these findings show an association and do not establish mast cell activation as a cause of autism.
Mast cell activation may also overlap with or worsen challenges experienced by some autistic individuals. Excessive mediator release can be associated with gastrointestinal pain, bloating, food intolerance, flushing, hives, headaches, sleep disturbance, brain fog, anxiety, irritability, and changes in attention or activity levels.
PMCID: PMC10932299 PMID: 38473898